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A Solution to the Drought Crisis - USETI SDS with EVVC

Mon, 19 Jun 2023 01:28:21 GMT

A Solution to the Drought Crisis - USETI SDS with EVVC

We are all familiar with the water crisis that is happening. It has been here before in a more dissolved form. Solved by a few rainy years, the crisis goes away. These few years of inclement weather might be Mother Nature’s way of telling us the drought is long overdue.

Reduction in household water use - that will not work! Water for drinking and other domestic water uses are undoubtedly important due to the direct impact on our everyday lives. It may have the major audience in this crisis, but looking at the bigger picture of the water problem, it is a smaller issue. Equal if not more focus and efforts must likewise be exerted on the big water takers - the industrial and agricultural sector.

These sectors have the biggest impact on us (people) because their water use provides the convenience of food that we all consume as well as services that we use daily. They are the prime consumers of water. We, the people, only have a small influence but with the largest voice in this crisis.

( How We Use Water | WaterSense | US EPA)

The USETI Group are middle aged innovators who care about the future of our next generations. We may not ever see the impact of our innovations, if ever in use. But what is important is that the future generation be able to reach farther in their lives and in success than we did, with a climate that is comfortable for all, and water resources available when needed.

So, we decided to tackle the nexus of Water, Climate and Energy using water as the medium.

With water, we bring to the world a simple yet very efficient USETI Solar Desalination System (SDS). In the climate area, we have the USETI Solar Air-conditioner (SA). Both these products use the same core technology. In the near future, in the energy space, we want to solve the challenges of hydrogen energy generation, using of course, water and discovering its large mysterious uncharted properties. We are almost there.

Søren Minds Ramil Sevilla

Founder, Innovator, CTO, Denmark Co-founder, CEO, Philippines

Jojo Pornebo Loreto Bagio

Co-founder, MD, USA (CA) Co-founder, COO, USA (CA)

Novel

USETI SDS (Solar Desalination System) is an Enhanced Vacuum Vapor Compression (EVVC) thermal desalination system that produces desalinated water through the use of a turbine-expander-compressor.

EVVC is a form of Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) desalination, but unlike typical MVC desalination which uses extensive electrical energy. The USETI SDS EVVC uses a combination turbine-expander-compressor mounted on the same shaft powered by thermal energy.

Using a turbine compressor as the compression device driven by a turbine expander solves the MVC desalination-energy cost issue. In addition, just like an MVC, USETI SDS is assumed to have a

smaller footprint than MED or MSF desalination systems.

USETI SDS uses a turbine expander constantly powered by a thermal storage which collects thermal solar energy from a thermal solar collector. The USETI SDS is not directly affected by the intermittent thermal solar radiation on a 24-hour per day operation. It can also be re-designed to collect any kind

of available heat source, or even total electrical driven (high COPe) / producing electricity.

In the EVVC, the turbine-compressor rapidly processes steam produced from the boiling water. Additionally, the turbine-compressor is driven by a turbine-expander mounted on the same shaft. The turbine-expander can also produce about the same amount of desalinated water as the turbine-compressor at the same time increasing the total water production.

The EVVC technology is a single stage vacuum compression system producing water simultaneously from both outlets of the turbine-compressor and the turbine-expander. Sensible heat from the compressor outlet is used as additional heat in the system for increased water production. In this single stage system design, excess heat is recovered and used to pre-heat the incoming flow of raw water. In comparison, MFD and MED use multi stage distillation to produce water - the design of these systems is complex and can have multiple failure points.

USETI SDS EVVC technology operates below atmospheric pressure across the core desalination system. This low-pressure environment reduces operational risks. The maximum pressure that can be present in the system is below 2 bar,a pressure (bar absolute).

The USETI SDS turbine compressor wheel tip is specially designed with a velocity of Mach 1.4 to achieve a very high target compression rate of 1:4 producing 2.5 times as much pressure flow than a normal turbine wheel tip speed. These results in smaller processing tanks, pipes, valves, heat exchangers / condensers and pumps because of the high steam flow rate of the turbine compressor.

The turbine compressor produces superheated steam at a high temperature used as a feedback heat recovery to the turbine cycle further increasing the performance of the turbine operation.

Costs

● Equipment cost

The simple single stage design benefits from the dramatic reduction of capital costs. The fast steam flow processing due to the high turbine rotation requires small system component sizes, which includes the turbine-expander-compressor, processing tanks, pipes, pumps, heat exchangers and condensers.

All raw materials used in the USETI SDS components are widely available including the materials to manufacture the turbine-expander-compressor, contributing to low equipment construction costs.

Operational cost

Energy : The USETI SDS design use the free and inexhaustible thermal solar energy. Majority of its energy requirement (around 88%) is thermal energy. Minor electrical energy requirements are for operating the pumps, valves, and controls but are significantly low. In addition, operational cost is reduced with increased production efficiency from the use of a turbine-expander-compressor. Sensible heat from the turbine compressor outlet is recovered for heat energy input to the turbine expander. Furthermore, after driving the turbine expander the used output steam is converted to desalinated water.

Only 4.8 kWh of thermal energy is required to produce 1 cubic meter of desalinated water. Also, only 0.57 kWh of electrical energy is required. The USETI SDS’ Total Equivalent Energy Consumption is 5.4 kWh/m3 giving a Total Equivalent Electrical Energy on 1.2 kWh/m3.

Maintenance : With a single stage design, and especially with the use of smaller turbines, tanks

and components, the USETI SDS is a low maintenance system. There will be fewer components requiring periodic checks, much less repair. The boiling temp is set at 70°C to prevent scaling in the metal components.

Points of Failure: USETI SDS has a simple single stage design. The only primary moving part is the turbine. However, well-designed steam turbines typically last around 20 years and should be repairable.

Conclusion

USETI SDS EVVC offers significant advancements over all current and popular thermal desalination technologies in terms of operational costs (thermal energy consumption), performance (rate of water production), and capital costs (materials & system area footprint).

Thermal Storage Component

To make effective use of a 24-hour operation without dependency on the intermittent solar radiation; it will require constant supply of thermal energy. A high capacity thermal storage can be built (based on a published article - https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2018.1538490) using concrete and graphite as the heat capacity hybrid materials increasing the combined heat capacity to 1.6 times compared to cement and aggregate alone. In addition, graphite has a high thermal coefficient which means it will easily conduct heat to charge the thermal battery, reducing the thermal storage charging time. Lastly, this novel

thermal storage idea has a slow discharging rate which is needed for the low thermal energy requirement of the USETI SDS in a 24-hour operation.

Scalability and Applications

The USETI SDS desalination design is scalable to small capacities as low as 0.2 m3 per day, to even millions of gallons of desalinated water per day. This scalability caters to a wide variety of target markets - consumer, commercial and industrial applications. The niche markets are marine applications, remote small coastal and island communities, agricultural applications, mining operations, and self-supplied domestic applications, etc. In the following USETI SDS will produce 100 m3 desalinated water per day.

Technically Feasible

Complete System Operation

Figure 1: Flow Diagram of the USETI SDS Core Operation and an Electic generator/-Motor Option

To produce 100 m3 per day of desalinated water, the USETI SDS process starts with “raw water” stored in the seawater/brackish water supply tank flowing into a “Water and Energy Production” evaporation tank (WEP-tank). The WEP-tank is supplied with raw water heated by the Thermal Storage Tank at a temperature of 70°C to prevent scaling, at a flow rate of 75 m3/hour. The WEP-tank pressure is reduced to 0.25 bar,a to boil the water and produce steam at the top section of the WEP-tank.

The steam flows to the turbo expander inlet at a flow rate of 2.6 m3/s with high enough

temperature to rotate the expander wheel at 45,000 RPM. The steam pressure and temp.

at the turbine expander outlet is decreased at a flow rate of 16.2 m3/s. The output steam passes

through a condenser / heat exchanger (HEX/Cond.) converting the steam into desalinated water. The

turbine expander is generating desalinated water, and at the same time, supplying rotational energy to

the turbine compressor. This innovative process contributes significantly to the water production without the need for additional components, in addition to the water production in the compression cycle explained later. The WEP-Expander cycle produces water at the rate of 45 m3/day in a continuous 24-hour operation.

The latent and sensible heat from the condenser (during the WEP-Expander cycle) increases the

temperature of the brine in the WEP-tank. The brine in the WEP-tank is fed into the “Water-Production”

(WP) tank to start the WP-Compression cycle. The pressure in the WP-tank is reduced to minimal 0.06

bar,a to boil the water and produce steam. The steam flows into the turbine compressor inlet at a flow rate

of maximal 16 m3/s, at min 35°C. The turbine compressor is already spinning at the same rotational speed

as the turbine expander wheel (during the WEP-Expander cycle) because both wheels are connected to

the same shaft. The steam directed to the turbine compressor is with a flow rate of minimal 4 m3/s. After

which, the steam from the heat exchanger outlet flows through a HEX/Cond. at a flow rate of 3.5 m3/s

converting the steam into desalinated water. The WP-Compressor cycle produces water at the rate

of 55 m3/day in a continuous 24-hour operation.

Excess heat from both the WEP-Expander and WP-Compressor cycle is recovered for re-use. The

HEX/Cond. recovers the latent heat then fed back to the WEP-tank increasing the temperature in the

tank.

The USETI SDS produces desalinated water from the combined WEP-Expander cycle and the WP-Compressor cycle. EVVC is made feasible with the use of a turbine-expander-compressor operating in

tandem, as opposed to a conventional compressor (like MVC) driven by electricity. EVVC can desalinate

raw water with a reduced system core form factor size. Its thermal energy requirement to produce 1

cubic meter of water is 4.8 kWh th. An additional 0.57 kWh e of electrical power per cubic meter of water

is consumed for operating the electrical pumps and other electrical devices. The total water production

from both the WEP-Expander and WP-Compressor cycle is around 100 m3 per day.

Comparing to other desalination plants, USETI SDS has a significant lower use of both electrical and

thermal energy, which, in the value of Total Equivalent Electrical Energy, equals 1.2 kWh/m3. Table 1

below has been added USETI SDS EVVC as a basis for comparison of existing desalination methods.

USETI SDS cost to desalinate water in USA

The unit cost of Desalinated Seawater (D.S) is affected by several factors, including capital expenses, debt service, and operating costs. According to Google, the current unit cost of D.S ranges between US$ 3.6 & US$ 5.8 per 1,000 gallons, depending on the region and other factors such as energy costs and plant size.

Unit cost by USETI SDS EVVC

1,000 gallons = 3.785 m³

1 m³ desalinated seawater (D.S) cost today: US$ 3.6 / 3.785 m³ = US$ 0.95 / m³

(Google, 2023) US$ 5.8 / 3.785 m³ = US$ 1.53 / m³

Electrical cost in USA: US$ 0.135 / kWh (business price in USA)

Electrical cost of D.S by USETI SDS EVVC: 0.57 kWhe / m³ · US$ 0.135 / kWh = US$ 0.077 / m³

The USETI SDS EVVC technology makes it possible to desalinate seawater for less than US$ 0.10 per m³. This low unit cost includes operating expenses, but not investment capital & debt service. During a 10-year investment period, the estimated fixed expenses will increase the unit cost per m³ D.S by less than 50%.

Unit Cost of D.S by USETI SDS EVVC: US$ 0.077 / m³ + 50% ≈ US$ 0.12 per m³ D.S

(≈ US$ 0.45 per 1,000 gallons ➔ 10% of today’s middle unit cost of D.S, year 2023)

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Operation

The EVVC, since it is a single turbine stage desalination design, is continually removing the water content from the WEP-tank in a repeating cycle producing hypersaline brine at the bottom of the WEP-tank. The hypersaline brine is fed to the WP-tank for further removal of water content. The WP-tank can receive raw water input (option). Both flows make it possible to produce hypersaline brine (slurry) from this tank. When the WP-tank is nearly full of (slurry) hypersaline brine then its contents are discharged to a brine tank for further ZLD processing. The hypersaline brine (slurry) is removed and pressurized by a sludge pump for further use at atmospheric pressure. The external ZLD process can include final evaporation of the water content using less energy expensive evaporative systems, such as waste heat transfer.

Dealing with toxic PFAS

Known colloquially as “forever chemicals”. PFAS, short for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a large group of chemicals that make certain products nonstick or stain resistant. Research indicates that these chemicals are dangerous.

The USETI SDS EVVC uses vacuum to desalinate seawater, and this process produces hypersaline water (brine) that is discharged into the bottom of the WP-tank. This discharged hypersaline water may also contain any conceivable PFAS or other harmful substances that were in the seawater.

The cleaning effect against PFAS using vacuum is announced in a recently published article – https://www.yasa.ltd/post/how-to-remove-forever-chemicals-pfas-from-water-and-wastewater .

Using USETI SDS EVVC to desalinate seawater (or wastewater) to make drinkable water

thus, also includes a solution to get rid of toxic PFAS and/or other harmful substances.

Thermal Storage Process Operation

The thermal storage is fed with raw water from the WEP-tank to supply the USETI SDS with constant

thermal energy throughout the 24-hour operation. Recirculated brine from the WEP-tank is fed back

to the thermal storage for reheating back to 70°C. The thermal storage is sized bigger than the

daily continuous operational consumption of the USETI SDS to consider solar radiation fluctuations.

The thermal storage is recharged by a solar collector while the thermal storage is in use by the

EVVC.

Thermal Solar Collector (TSC) Component

Thermal solar energy is the primary source for driving the USETI SDS turbines. Any type of highly efficient thermal solar collector system is applicable for use as the charging component for the thermal storage working independently with no physical contact to the EVVC-process only delivering thermal energy means being able to work with another medium ex. clean water, oil, or other TSC-medias.

The solar collector is sized to fully recharge the thermal storage daily, while the thermal storage is simultaneously in use for supplying heat to the USETI SDS, taking into consideration sizing the solar collection for lean solar radiation months using official solar radiation data from NREL (USA). Right-sizing the thermal solar capacity can overcome unpredictable solar radiation fluctuations

that may impact the charging cycle of the thermal storage.

Thermal solar energy is fed through an embedded heat exchanger in the thermal storage. Using

an efficient heat transfer mechanism to charge the thermal storage will take advantage of the

fast charging capability of the thermal storage.

Required milestones

- Turbine-expander-compressor redesign

The USETI turbine-expander-compressor with heat recovery core technology has been functionally proven for an air-conditioning application in a prototyping environment. For water desalination application the turbine has to be re-designed for its appropriate scale (100 m3 per day) and be optimized to rotate at approx. 45,000 RPM to achieve a wheel tip speed of Mach 1.4 and a high compressor output pressure.

- Zero Liquid Discharge automation

To attain ZLD, the salt (solutes) must be in crystallized form. The USETI SDS produces hypersaline

brine as a slurry liquid in the WP-tank. However, the correct discharge timing of this slurry brine has to

be calibrated for when the WP-tank is full. The slurry brine can be discharged to a ZLD-tank for complete crystallization. System automation is required to optimize the cycling of the discharge process.

- Thermal Storage and Solar Collector sizing

A thermal storage with the appropriate size has to be built to; continuously supply thermal energy to the USETI SDS for 24 hours; and, simultaneously receive thermal solar charge to the USETI SDS for next day operation.

It is the full intention of USETI America, LLC to move forward in the prototyping of the USETI.

SDS Enhanced Vacuum Vapor Compression concept, and to deliver the USETI SDS to the

commercial and industrial market. The worldwide issue of water shortage is present. Although

the more popular Reverse Osmosis can already provide the water needed, it has a carbon emissions issue with its extensive use of electrical energy, high maintenance of the membranes, and high salinity discharge, while USETI SDS eliminates all of these drawbacks. USETI intends to cooperate with well-established and reputable partners in the relevant areas of the prototype development, focusing on respective core competencies, reducing risks, and expediting the development cycle.

Impactful

EVVC can use the thermal energy efficiently compared to the other thermal desalination systems because it uses the thermal heat as the driving energy aside from water production. It also recovers condenser waste heat for re-use. EVVC is a step ahead of state-of-the-art thermal desalination technologies such as MED, MSF and MVC – see table 1.

Only 4.8 kWh of thermal energy per cubic meter is required. For a production facility of 100 cubic meters per day, a real estate of a 40-foot container (rough estimate) is needed excluding the

raw water tank, the desalinated water tank, the ZLD-tank, the thermal storage and the thermal

solar collector area.

It can produce (close to) ZLD as its by-product. It is essentially a built-in brine concentrator. The hypersaline brine may not have to be reintroduced back to the ocean. The ZLD is delivered to external manufacturers requiring slurry brine as ingredients for their operation. Or, ZLD can be evaporated externally outside of the desalination operations. ZLD has a potential to be used for electrical storage (directly extracting electricity from ZLD thermal batteries) for when the reverse electro dialysis technology is mature ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversed_electrodialysis ).

USETI SDS construction is simpler due to widely available parts reducing capital costs, in addition

to lower costs due to less energy consumption.

The USETI SDS addresses the government compliance standards in terms of environmental issues.

These advantages will facilitate broad market adoption of the EVVC technology.

USETI PILOT CHILLER PLANT – DENMARK 2022-23

Sat, 06 May 2023 10:09:31 GMT

USETI PILOT CHILLER PLANT – DENMARK 2022-23

The patented vapor compression is a state-of-the-art technology utilizing a compact turbo compressor

to generate low-pressure chilled water & ice-slurry, depending on system limits & energy cycle direction.

A major advantage of this system is its capability to harness thermal energy from various sources such as seas, lakes, rivers, and district heating grids. This feature enables the system to function constantly without interruption, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 52 weeks a year.

Pilot Chiller Plant -July /August 2022

This vapor compression system is a highly efficient and innovative solution that can enhance sustainability and reduce costs in various industries and applications, including cooling and energy production.

Moreover, this system's versatility enables it to perform a wide range of applications such as desalination of brackish or seawater. By using the evaporator tank, the vapor compression system can separate salt waste from pure, drinkable water .

Pilot Chiller Plant READY - October 2022

As water scarcity becomes a growing concern worldwide, desalination is an increasingly critical application of the vapor compression system. With its ability to harness thermal energy from a variety of sources, this system provides an energy-efficient and sustainable solution for producing clean drinking water from brackish or seawater.

We are excited to announce the availability of our commercial thermal cooling solutions, which offer a sustainable and highly efficient alternative to traditional cooling methods. These cutting-edge solutions are tailored to meet each individual end-user's unique cooling or desalination requirements.

Our team is committed to working closely with customers to ensure each solution is optimized for maximum performance, reliability, and energy efficiency, delivering exceptional value and sustainability.

The commercial availability begins in Q2/Q3-23.

With the launch of our thermal-driven cooling/desalination solutions, we believe we are well-positioned to revolutionize the cooling and water industry and drive positive change for businesses and communities worldwide by reducing their carbon footprint and providing access to clean water all around the world.

Pilot Chiller Plant READY - October 2022

USETI pitch and video for TECHEMERGE (SPANISH)

Sun, 26 Mar 2023 16:33:21 GMT

USETI TECHEMERGE Video (Spanish)

Una aire revolucionario que usa solamente agua como refrigerante con mas del noventa porciento de ahorro en electricidad?

That is USETI Solar Aircon! A revolutionary extremely energy-efficient and environment-friendly airconditioning technology.

Hi. My name Ramil Sevilla, co-founder and CEO at USETI – a clean tech innovations company composed of experienced engineers from the US, Denmark and the Philippines has developed the USETI Solar Aircon led by its founder and chief innovator, Søren Minds and Gunnar Minds as adviser. Both are well-known thermodynamics engineers in Denmark and the rest of Europe.

As a clean tech innovator, the USETI Solar Aircon is the proof of our commitment to reduce the environmental impacts of airconditioning. Here’s how: First, is by using only WATER as refrigerant. There are no harmful chemicals in our system. Second, our technology delivers more than 90% reduction in electricity consumption by using solar thermal collectors.

At the core of our technology is a proprietary turbo expander and compressor mounted on the same shaft powered by low temperature, low pressure steam produced by the solar thermal collector. With a thermal COP of 0.9 -1 and electrical COP of up to 40, this novel airconditioner delivers more than 90% savings on electricity compared to conventional airconditioners.

The 10kW cooling capacity USETI solar aircon – the most basic model suitable for residential and light commercial spaces, reduces at least 8 tons of CO2 emissions per year. USETI solar aircon is scalable up to more than 1MW cooling capacity suitable for large commercial and industrial applications.

Our planet is definitely warming and our people needs our help. This is our share. Sustainable cooling for everyone.

English Version (Version en Ingles)

USETI Solar Desalination System

Sun, 26 Mar 2023 13:21:52 GMT

USETI SDS, HeroX- Technical Narrative - June 2020

USETI Solar

Desalination

System

USE Thermo Innovations Inc.

2722 Cityland Shaw Tower, Shaw Blvd cor. St. Francis St,

Wack-Wack Greenhills East Mandaluyong City 1552 Philippines

Phone: +63 927 483 9644

1 Technical Narrative

Today, desalination plants worldwide produces bigger-than- expected flows of highly salty wastewater and toxic chemicals damaging the environment. The hyper-salty water is mostly pumped into the sea and, over a year, would be enough to cover the U.S. state of Florida with 30 cm (one foot) of brine.

The desalination plants use large amount of electrical energy to filter the seawater making drinkable water and thereby depending on a large power supply. Therefore, it is obvious to use solar thermal energy to drive the desalination process and thereby make the system as Green Clean Technology and minimizing / removing the electrical consumption to make desalination.

The solar thermal powered USETI SDS solution will save more than 90% of the electricity consumption compared to conventional desalination systems and can further be made as a self-standing unit all driven by the sun.

The USETI SDS (USETI Solar Desalination System) solution is a revolutionary novelty in the field of desalination which is expected to gain a significant market share due to its cost effectiveness, and its positive impact on the environment thanks to the reduced CO ₂ - emissions.

USETI's mission as a company is to develop a thermo desalination solution driven by solar heat panels. USETI is seeking partnership with one or more (industrial) investors for the production, marketing and distribution of the USETI SDS.

USETI now faces the challenge of initiating a commercial exploitation of this technology in order to take full advantage of this growing market.

The USETI Team has developed a turbo expander making the flow of pure drinking water as a process medium under low pressure and temperatures. The expander drives a compressor that combined makes the flow of pure drinking water in the desalination process.

The success criterion is to exploit a series of thermo processes well-known as such & which never have been combined into one functioning desalting unit so far.

The company will take the new desalination process to Proof Of Concept. The desalination process uses the same turbine setup innovated by USETI and installed on an air condition system where Proof Of Concept already has been achieved.

The brackish- / seawater creates a vapour flow when it boils (vacuum) which is removed and expanded / compressed in the turbine, thereby heating the vapour to temperatures of between 125°C to 175°C. This causes the resulting pure vapour flow to be sterilized (bacterially-/virus free) before condensing to absolutely pure drinking water.

2 Company Profile

2.1 Idea Concept

The basic idea is to develop and design a desalination system powered by solar thermal energy, producing hot sterilized pure clean drinkable water derived from brackish- or seawater. Thanks to a low production cost, enormous savings in power consumption and therefore great environmental considerations, the concept is unique compared to conventional desalination / desalting systems.

2.2 Patent

The USETI process is patented. The patent deals with the process and component setup.

2.3 Company Profile

The company USETI was established early 2014 with the purpose of developing a revolutionary new generation of AC systems together with desalination systems where 95% of the energy is generated by solar thermal collectors while the remaining 5% by solar photovoltaic cells or other sources.

The company is a design and development company with a proven track record in thermodynamics and with the skills and know-how to develop and test the concept of the thermal driven plant.

The company offers the following services in that we can:

· Design and process the development of the concept

· Test and promote the results

· Provide information and media coverage of the process

· Take care of direct sales of licenses, production rights, and know-how

· Organize sales promotional activities in the form of articles to the technical press and participate in trade shows and the technical communities

· Manage the development process

· Maintain the patents and trademarks

2.4 Mission Statement

The mission of USETI is to develop and commercialize a thermal- driven desalination solution driven by conventional solar thermal collectors and/or waste heat.

3 Historical Review

3.1 Vacuum Boiling

The history of using vacuum boiling water in large plants started back in the 1990´ at DTI (Danish Technological Institute). A turbine compressor removes vapour steam in the evaporator and cools thereby another media.

3.2 Cooling LEGO

The cooling system with water as a refrigerant, was developed and created in collaboration between the DTI in Aarhus (by Gunnar Minds, then employed at DTI), LEGO and Sabroe, where the DTI had the design responsibility.

The plant had a cooling capacity of approx. 2 MW and was started in mid-1995. The plant's cooling performance was used to cool LEGO's plastic sewing machines. The design of the plant contained a great deal of new thinking, which has been and later will be explained in other sections.

The plant was honoured by the Danish Engineering Association and EU Environment Agency in 1996.

water as a refrigerant

The first actual functioning plant at LEGO in Denmark shown above in the picture had a diameter on around 3.5 m & a length on around 7 m giving a volume flow of steam on approx. 200 m ³ / sec.

New plant developed at Danish Technological Institute to the right in the picture designed 1998 – 2005 with a volume flow of steam on approx. 25 m ³ / sec.

Marketed today e.g. by Johnson Control, Denmark (formerly Sabroe A/S). A new cooling plant is today located at LEGO in Billund, Denmark and has replaced the first plant that has been stopped (after 15 years activity).

3.3 USETI

Gunnar Minds and Søren Minds from Denmark have together with Jose Jobel Belarmino, Ramil Sevilla and Reggie Ramirez from Philippines developed USETI.

USETI has carried out a number of experiments with a solution using a Boot Strapped refrigeration system where an expander drives a compressor on the same shaft (a little turbo compressor).

The expander and compressor use water as the driving and coolant media respectively. The energy supply to the process comes from solar collectors or waste heat water at temperatures below 100°C, preferable 75°C, and thereby useful as a stand-alone unit.

The principle using a cooling setup is the same as in USETI SDS desalination process, where the “evaporation” also can be the separation process between water and all other stuff (salt + others). Both the separation- and traditional evaporation setup are durable processes and use the same turbine construction.

3.4 Commercial Opportunity

Today, desalination plants worldwide use tremendous amount of electricity and produce bigger-than-expected flows of highly salty wastewater and toxic chemicals damaging the environment.

To address the high cost of electricity, we use solar as the source of energy to run the desalination system. Up to 95% solar thermal and 5% solar PV or other sources.

3.5 Technical Description of the System

The USETI SDS is based on well-known thermal processes:

- A conventional solar thermal collector produces low temperature steam on the incoming brackish or seawater

- The steam & salt separator divides the steam to flow into the steam turbine.

- In the expander (turbine) the energy of the steam is converted into rotational energy which drives a compressor on the same shaft. The expander & compressor delivers sterilizes pure clean water in the desalination process

- The steam produced in the desalination process is finally condensed in an air-cooled condenser. The sterilized water will go through a remineralization process before becoming available as safe and healthy drinkable water.

The distillation process happens when the water is converted into steam by boiling. The boiling process makes almost completely pure water (99.9%). The steam is subsequently heated up in the turbine to above 125°C. This process sterilizes the water steam making the condensed water totally clean and potable. Final stage of the process is to remineralize the clean water with small amount of calcium carbonate, fluoride and magnesium & follows #1, #2 & #3.

The desalination plant is a closed self-contained unit, and only needs to be connected to the solar thermal collector.

The separation evaporation process shown in Figure 2 only produces pure potable water, whereas the traditional evaporation setup produces pure drinking water and crystallized salt.

4.3 Technical Performance

USETI SDS unit, design basis:

The design capacity is based on following.

Solar Collector Temperature 75˚C (range 60 – 80˚C) Desalination Capacity 200 liter drinkable water / day Solar Collector Capacity 10 kW (10 m ² , Equator)

Power Consumption 0 W

The desalination capacity can be increased by spraying water in the condenser airflow.

4.4 Proof of Concept, POC

USETI has made a preliminary POC investigation into the technical and thermodynamic challenges in collaboration with one of the world's leading companies in thermodynamics - #4. Report confirms the theories with the following conclusions.

The POC confirms the following parameters:

· A cycle has been identified that will allow for optimal operation of both the compressor and expander

· Structural design confirms that tip speed on expander / compressor are within the range of past experience

· Rotor dynamics are acceptable

· No manufacturing problems are foreseen

4.5 Activities and Time Plan

4.6 Critical Technical Components

The turbine, making flow in the desalination process, has been through several test hours to reach the optimal solution.

This is the critical component in the construction and made up a large part of the development work, of which the following are mentioned: shaft bearing solutions, leaks, lubrication, cavitation & high temperatures. The turbine now functions as a thoroughly tested unit.

Other main components in the USETI SDS unit are traditional mass produced components, solar collector, condenser, pumps.

5 Competition

Already well - developed and with a rapid growth rate, the desalination market has a number of large players. Below are some of the competitors which can be divided into two major groups: companies supplying traditional electrical-driven desalination filtration systems and companies supplying systems that capture air humidity to make drinkable water.

Both groups are supplying systems based on conventional technologies. Considering the calculated lower production costs of the units and the annual savings on the energy bill in reference to the water capacity, these make the USETI SDS unit to have a significant competitive advantage.

5.1 Alternative Filtration/Desalination Processes

The electrical-powered desalination process has been known for several decades.

Literature Reference

#1: “Desalination for Safe Water Supply” by WHO/SDE/WSH/07/0? Guidance for the Health and Environmental Aspects Applicable to Desalination w. file name “DesalGuidanceMaster4July2007-1JAC”

#2: “Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2007” by Republic of the Philippines, Department of Health, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 2007- 0012

#3: M. Rygaard, E. Arvin, A. Bath, P.J. Binning, Designing water supplies: Optimizing drinking water composition for maximum economic benefit, Water Research, Volume 45, Issue 12, June 2011, Pages 3712-3722, ISSN 0043-1354

#4: Concepts NREC, VT 05001, USA; World leading company designing i.e. turbocharger, both axial and radial setup and in special designing small steam expanders/compressors

Make the most of the season by following these simple guidelines

websites@zenbusiness.com (ZenBusiness Admin) — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 08:21:42 GMT

The new season is a great reason to make and keep resolutions. Whether it’s eating right or cleaning out the garage, here are some tips for making and keeping resolutions.

Make a list

Lists are great ways to stay on track. Write down some big things you want to accomplish and some smaller things, too.

Check the list regularly

Don’t forget to check in and see how you’re doing. Just because you don’t achieve the big goals right away doesn’t mean you’re not making progress.

Reward yourself

When you succeed in achieving a goal, be it a big one or a small one, make sure to pat yourself on the back.

Think positively

Positive thinking is a major factor in success. So instead of mulling over things that didn’t go quite right, remind yourself of things that did.

Keep in touch with site visitors and boost loyalty

websites@zenbusiness.com (ZenBusiness Admin) — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 08:21:42 GMT

There are so many good reasons to communicate with site visitors. Tell them about sales and new products or update them with tips and information.

Here are some reasons to make blogging part of your regular routine.

Blogging is an easy way to engage with site visitors

Writing a blog post is easy once you get the hang of it. Posts don’t need to be long or complicated. Just write about what you know, and do your best to write well.

Show customers your personality

When you write a blog post, you can really let your personality shine through. This can be a great tool for showing your distinct personality.

Blogging is a terrific form of communication

Blogs are a great communication tool. They tend to be longer than social media posts, which gives you plenty of space for sharing insights, handy tips and more.

It’s a great way to support and boost SEO

Search engines like sites that regularly post fresh content, and a blog is a great way of doing this. With relevant metadata for every post so search engines can find your content.

Drive traffic to your site

Every time you add a new post, people who have subscribed to it will have a reason to come back to your site. If the post is a good read, they’ll share it with others, bringing even more traffic!

Blogging is free

Maintaining a blog on your site is absolutely free. You can hire bloggers if you like or assign regularly blogging tasks to everyone in your company.

A natural way to build your brand

A blog is a wonderful way to build your brand’s distinct voice. Write about issues that are related to your industry and your customers.

Tips for writing great posts that increase your site traffic

websites@zenbusiness.com (ZenBusiness Admin) — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 08:21:41 GMT

Write about something you know. If you don’t know much about a specific topic that will interest your readers, invite an expert to write about it.

Speak to your audience

You know your audience better than anyone else, so keep them in mind as you write your blog posts. Write about things they care about. If you have a company Facebook page, look here to find topics to write about

Take a few moments to plan your post

Once you have a great idea for a post, write the first draft. Some people like to start with the title and then work on the paragraphs. Other people like to start with subtitles and go from there. Choose the method that works for you.

Don’t forget to add images

Be sure to include a few high-quality images in your blog. Images break up the text and make it more readable. They can also convey emotions or ideas that are hard to put into words.

Edit carefully before posting

Once you’re happy with the text, put it aside for a day or two, and then re-read it. You’ll probably find a few things you want to add, and a couple more that you want to remove. Have a friend or colleague look it over to make sure there are no mistakes. When your post is error-free, set it up in your blog and publish.

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A Solution to the Drought Crisis - USETI SDS with EVVC

A Solution to the Drought Crisis - USETI SDS with EVVC

USETI PILOT CHILLER PLANT – DENMARK 2022-23

USETI PILOT CHILLER PLANT – DENMARK 2022-23

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This vapor compression system is a highly efficient and innovative solution that can enhance sustainability and reduce costs in various industries and applications, including cooling and energy production.

Moreover, this system's versatility enables it to perform a wide range of applications such as desalination of brackish or seawater. By using the evaporator tank, the vapor compression system can separate salt waste from pure, drinkable water .

USETI pitch and video for TECHEMERGE (SPANISH)

USETI TECHEMERGE Video (Spanish)

USETI Solar Desalination System

USETI SDS, HeroX- Technical Narrative - June 2020

1 Technical Narrative

2 Company Profile

2.1 Idea Concept

2.2 Patent

2.3 Company Profile

2.4 Mission Statement

3 Historical Review

3.1 Vacuum Boiling

3.2 Cooling LEGO

water as a refrigerant

3.3 USETI

3.4 Commercial Opportunity

3.5 Technical Description of the System

4.3 Technical Performance

USETI SDS unit, design basis:

4.4 Proof of Concept, POC

4.5 Activities and Time Plan

4.6 Critical Technical Components

Other main components in the USETI SDS unit are traditional mass produced components, solar collector, condenser, pumps.

5 Competition

5.1 Alternative Filtration/Desalination Processes

Literature Reference

Make the most of the season by following these simple guidelines

Keep in touch with site visitors and boost loyalty

Tips for writing great posts that increase your site traffic